A group of cancers that begins in or around the throat, voice box, nose, sinuses, or the mouth is called head and neck cancer. This type of cancer is believed to start in the cells in the exteriors of these body parts. Head and neck cancers can further be categorised into five types; oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and salivary glands.
Begins in the ovaries and is often detected at advanced stages. Symptoms include bloating, pelvic pain, difficulty eating, and frequent urination.
Arises in the cervix, often caused by persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and unusual discharge.
Begins in the lining of the uterus. Common signs include abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, and postmenopausal spotting.
A rare cancer affecting the external genital area. Symptoms include itching, burning, skin changes, or a lump in the vulva.
Begins in the vagina and is relatively rare. Symptoms include abnormal bleeding, painful intercourse, and pelvic pain.
A rare group of tumors that develop in the tissue formed after conception. It includes molar pregnancy and choriocarcinoma.
Primary treatment for most gynaecologic cancers involves surgical removal of the tumor, often including minimally invasive or robotic techniques.
High-energy rays are used in cervical, uterine, or vaginal cancers to destroy cancer cells or shrink tumors.
Drugs are used to destroy cancer cells, either after surgery or for advanced stages of ovarian, cervical, and uterine cancers.
Targeted drugs, such as PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer, selectively attack cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue.
Newer therapies boost the immune system, particularly useful in some advanced cervical and endometrial cancers.
Physical therapy and rehabilitation help restore strength, mobility, and quality of life after surgery or treatment.
Warning signs include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, bloating, frequent urination, or changes in the vulva or vaginal area.
The primary cause is persistent infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Regular Pap tests and HPV vaccination help in prevention.
Not all can be prevented, but HPV vaccination, regular screenings, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and early treatment of precancerous changes reduce risk.
Treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy depending on cancer type and stage.
Not always. In certain cases, fertility-preserving treatment options are available, and patients should discuss this with their oncologist before treatment begins.
(Dr. Varun Kumar Agrawal)
Cancer Surgeon | Best Cancer Doctor in Agra | Oncologist in Agra