A group of cancers that begins in or around the throat, voice box, nose, sinuses, or the mouth is called head and neck cancer. This type of cancer is believed to start in the cells in the exteriors of these body parts. Head and neck cancers can further be categorised into five types; oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and salivary glands.
Cancer that affects the lips and insides of the mouth falls under this category. Certain parts affected include gums, hard palate, cheek insides, and tongue.
Cancers affecting your throat, tongue, tonsils and soft palate fall under this category. Some symptoms include painful swallowing, earaches, trouble breathing, talking and hearing.
Larynx cancer affects your vocal cords and epiglottis. The signs and symptoms are very similar to pharynx cancer symptoms.
Cancer cells form in the paranasal sinus and nasal cavity tissues. Symptoms include nosebleeds, headaches, sinus infections, swelling around the eyes, and pain in your teeth.
This rare cancer begins in the salivary glands. Symptoms include swelling near jawbone, numb muscles, sores, blood in spit, and difficulty swallowing. Treatments include surgery, chemo, and radiation.
In head and neck surgery, the cancer is removed along with some of the healthy tissues around it. Radiation treatment may be given after the surgery.
Different types of radiation therapy may be suggested for the patients, such as 3DCRT, IMRT or IGRT.
Chemotherapy is usually given along with radiation therapy. The anti-cancer drugs used can kill the fast-growing cells in the body.
Unlike chemotherapy, the drugs used in targeted therapy selectively kill cancer cells. However, its application in the treatment of head and neck cancer is limited.
Rehabilitation programs are doctor-supervised programs for patients who underwent treatment for cancer. It helps them to get back to their daily activities quicker as well as improves their well-being.
Symptoms include persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, changes in voice, and lumps or sores in the mouth or neck. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
Risk factors include tobacco and alcohol use, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, prolonged sun exposure, and a family history of head and neck cancer. Understanding these risks helps in prevention and early detection.
Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The choice depends on the cancer type, stage, and individual factors. Multidisciplinary approaches are often employed for comprehensive care.
Depending on the tumor’s location and treatment, patients may experience changes in speech and swallowing. Rehabilitation therapies are often used to address these challenges and improve quality of life.
While not all cases are preventable, adopting a healthy lifestyle, including avoiding tobacco and limiting alcohol consumption, can reduce the risk. Additionally, vaccination against HPV can contribute to prevention. Regular check-ups and screenings are essential for early detection.
(Dr. Varun Kumar Agrawal)
Cancer Surgeon | Best Cancer Doctor in Agra | Oncologist in Agra